Detecting entering tones in Japanese

[chrix]

I missed some:

踏

答

搭

雜 (this is another one that ends in -t in Japanese now, though it has two readings: ざつ and　ざふ)

here's a nice word, 　たふしふ in historical spelling: 踏襲

[chrix]

Hofmann, I was browsing through a book called 從國語看臺語的發音 by Robert Cheng (鄭良偉), and what he says about correspondences to entering tone might actually be helpful to Mandarin speakers in order to guess characters with entering tones:

- characters that end in diphthongs in Mandarin (-ei/-ai, -ou/-ao) usually do not have entering tone in Taiwanese

- characters that end in -ue (ㄩㄝ) -a and -e (ㄜ) are more often than not entering tone in Taiwanese.

- characters in second tone with an unaspirated plosive or affricate as initial are always entering tone in Taiwanese: 讀 築 逐 竹 族 足. Characters with a fricative as initial are usually entering tone as well, though there are exceptions, like 扶, 符, 浮.

He also notes that many entering tone character have varying pronunciations: 髮 不 一 法 得 寂 淑 叔

(Incidentally, the entering tones in Taiwanese have undergone some changes from earlier stages as well. While 文讀 usually preserves the entering tone from older stages faithfully, in 白讀 they have often changed, and there seem to be four different ones, p, t, k, and h, with the latter pronounced like a glottal stop and sometimes omitted)

[Hofmann]

Looks like those are some shortcuts to add to the slide show about reading classical poetry in Mandarin. Thanks.